📖 Saju Terminology Glossary

Your comprehensive guide to understanding Korean Four Pillars (Saju) fortune telling terminology

Learn the meaning of traditional terms used in your birth chart reading

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Basic Concepts

Saju

사주 (四柱) [sah-joo]

The Korean name for the Four Pillars of Destiny. A traditional fortune-telling system based on the year, month, day, and hour of birth, using the East Asian calendrical system.

Related terms: Four PillarsHeavenly StemsEarthly Branches

Four Pillars

사주팔자 (四柱八字) [sah-joo-pahl-ja]

The complete birth chart consisting of four pillars (Year, Month, Day, Hour), each with two characters (Stem and Branch), totaling eight characters. These reveal your destiny and life path.

Related terms: SajuDay Pillar

Day Pillar

일주 (日柱) [il-joo]

The pillar representing your birth day, considered the most important pillar. The Day Stem represents yourself (日干) and is the reference point for analyzing Ten Stars and relationships.

Related terms: Four PillarsDay Stem

Day Stem

일간 (日干) [il-gan]

The Heavenly Stem of your Day Pillar, representing your core self and personality. All Ten Stars are determined by the relationship between your Day Stem and other stems in your chart.

Related terms: Day PillarHeavenly StemsTen Stars

Yin and Yang

음양 (陰陽) [eum-yang]

The fundamental duality of the universe. Yin (陰) represents passive, dark, feminine energy; Yang (陽) represents active, bright, masculine energy. Each stem and branch has yin or yang polarity.

Related terms: Five ElementsHeavenly Stems
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Heavenly Stems & Earthly Branches

Heavenly Stems

천간 (天干) [cheon-gan]

The ten celestial stems (甲乙丙丁戊己庚辛壬癸) representing heavenly energy. Each corresponds to one of the Five Elements with yin or yang polarity. They form the upper character of each pillar.

Related terms: Earthly BranchesFive Elements

Earthly Branches

지지 (地支) [ji-ji]

The twelve terrestrial branches (子丑寅卯辰巳午未申酉戌亥) representing earthly energy and the twelve zodiac animals. They form the lower character of each pillar and correspond to months and hours.

Related terms: Heavenly StemsHidden Stems

Hidden Stems

지장간 (地藏干) [ji-jang-gan]

Heavenly Stems hidden within each Earthly Branch. Each branch contains 1-3 hidden stems that influence the overall energy of that pillar and can affect Ten Stars analysis.

Related terms: Earthly BranchesHeavenly Stems
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Five Elements (Ohaeng)

Five Elements

오행 (五行) [oh-haeng]

The five fundamental energies: Wood (木), Fire (火), Earth (土), Metal (金), and Water (水). They interact through productive and destructive cycles, determining compatibility and balance in your chart.

Related terms: WoodFireEarthMetalWater

Wood

(木) [mok]

Element representing growth, expansion, creativity, and spring. Associated with the color green, the east direction, and qualities of flexibility and development.

Related terms: Five ElementsFire

Fire

(火) [hwa]

Element representing passion, energy, transformation, and summer. Associated with the color red, the south direction, and qualities of warmth and illumination.

Related terms: Five ElementsEarth

Earth

(土) [to]

Element representing stability, nourishment, centeredness, and seasonal transitions. Associated with the color yellow, the center direction, and qualities of support and grounding.

Related terms: Five ElementsMetal

Metal

(金) [geum]

Element representing strength, justice, refinement, and autumn. Associated with the color white, the west direction, and qualities of precision and structure.

Related terms: Five ElementsWater

Water

(水) [su]

Element representing wisdom, fluidity, depth, and winter. Associated with the color black/blue, the north direction, and qualities of adaptability and introspection.

Related terms: Five ElementsWood

Yongshin

용신 (用神) [yong-shin]

Your 'Favorable God' or supporting element - the element that best balances your chart. Strengthening this element through lifestyle, colors, and directions can improve your fortune.

Related terms: Five Elements

Ten Stars (Sipseong)

Ten Stars

십성 (十星) [ship-seong]

The ten gods or stars representing different aspects of life - personality, wealth, career, and wisdom. Determined by the relationship between your Day Stem and all other stems in your chart.

Related terms: Day StemSipseong

Comparable

비견 (比肩) [bi-gyeon]

Star of self and equality. Represents siblings, friends, competitors, and your independent spirit. Same element and polarity as your Day Stem.

Related terms: Rob WealthTen Stars

Rob Wealth

겁재 (劫財) [geop-jae]

Star of aggression and competition. Represents challengers, rivals, and bold action. Same element but opposite polarity as your Day Stem.

Related terms: ComparableTen Stars

Eating God

식신 (食神) [shik-shin]

Star of expression and enjoyment. Represents creativity, performance, food, and leisurely pursuits. The element you produce with same polarity.

Related terms: Hurting OfficerTen Stars

Hurting Officer

상관 (傷官) [sang-gwan]

Star of rebellion and brilliance. Represents innovation, criticism, and unconventional thinking. The element you produce with opposite polarity.

Related terms: Eating GodTen Stars

Direct Wealth

정재 (正財) [jeong-jae]

Star of stable income. Represents salary, steady work, and managed resources. The element you control with opposite polarity.

Related terms: Indirect WealthTen Stars

Indirect Wealth

편재 (偏財) [pyeon-jae]

Star of windfall money. Represents business, investment, and unexpected gains. The element you control with same polarity.

Related terms: Direct WealthTen Stars

Direct Officer

정관 (正官) [jeong-gwan]

Star of authority and structure. Represents official positions, rules, and social responsibility. The element that controls you with opposite polarity.

Related terms: Seven KillingsTen Stars

Seven Killings

칠살 (七殺) [chil-sal]

Star of power and challenge. Represents competition, pressure, and decisive action. The element that controls you with same polarity.

Related terms: Direct OfficerTen Stars

Direct Resource

정인 (正印) [jeong-in]

Star of knowledge and support. Represents education, mother, traditional learning, and legitimate credentials. The element that produces you with opposite polarity.

Related terms: Indirect ResourceTen Stars

Indirect Resource

편인 (偏印) [pyeon-in]

Star of alternative wisdom. Represents unconventional knowledge, step-parent, and specialized skills. The element that produces you with same polarity.

Related terms: Direct ResourceTen Stars
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Luck Cycles & Timing

Daeun

대운 (大運) [dae-un]

The 10-year luck cycles that influence your fortune throughout life. Each cycle has its own Stem and Branch, bringing different energies and opportunities. Direction (forward/backward) determined by gender and year pillar polarity.

Related terms: Yearly LuckMonthly Luck

Yearly Luck

세운 (歲運) [se-un]

The annual influence based on the Heavenly Stem and Earthly Branch of each year. Interacts with your birth chart and current Daeun to determine yearly fortune.

Related terms: DaeunMonthly Luck

Monthly Luck

월운 (月運) [wol-un]

The monthly influence based on the Earthly Branches of each lunar month. Provides more detailed timing for events and opportunities within each year.

Related terms: Yearly LuckDaeun

Sinsal (Special Stars)

Sinsal

신살 (神殺) [shin-sal]

Special auspicious and inauspicious stars that appear in the birth chart. Formed through combinations of Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches, they reveal unique fortune patterns and personality traits.

Related terms: Cheon-eul GwiinYeokmaHwagae

Yeokma

역마 (驛馬) [yeok-ma]

The Post Horse Star representing movement and change. Those with Yeokma often experience international relocation, frequent moves, travel, and career changes. Indicates an active and dynamic life.

Related terms: SinsalGongmang

Hwagae

화개 (華蓋) [hwa-gae]

The Canopy Star representing art, religion, and scholarship. Strong artistic talent, philosophical thinking, and religious inclinations. Simultaneously indicates creativity and solitude.

Related terms: SinsalMunchang Gwiin

Cheon-eul Gwiin

천을귀인 (天乙貴人) [cheon-eul-gwi-in]

The Heavenly Noble Star, the most auspicious star. Attracts helpful people during difficulties and possesses the ability to turn crises into opportunities.

Related terms: SinsalMunchang Gwiin

Munchang Gwiin

문창귀인 (文昌貴人) [mun-chang-gwi-in]

The Literary Star representing academics, wisdom, and documents. Excellent academic achievement, good fortune in examinations, and talent in writing and documentation.

Related terms: SinsalCheon-eul GwiinHwagae

Dohwa

도화 (桃花) [do-hwa]

The Peach Blossom Star representing popularity and romance. Charming and popular, receives favor from the opposite sex. Advantageous for careers in arts, entertainment, and interpersonal relations.

Related terms: SinsalHongyeom

Hongyeom

홍염 (紅艶) [hong-yeom]

The Red Charm Star representing strong attraction and romance. Possesses more intense romantic charm than Dohwa, indicating glamorous appearance and sociability.

Related terms: SinsalDohwa

Gongmang

공망 (空亡) [gong-mang]

The Void Star representing emptiness and vacancy. Efforts may yield no results or end in vain. Conversely, can lead to spiritual growth by detaching from material obsessions.

Related terms: SinsalYeokma

Yangin

양인 (羊刃) [yang-in]

The Sheep Blade Star representing sharp blade-like strong energy. Strong drive and decisiveness, but also hasty and impulsive tendencies. Connection to martial arts or surgical fields.

Related terms: SinsalGoegang

Goegang

괴강 (魁罡) [goe-gang]

The Star of Authority representing strong character and leadership. Stubborn and independent, dislikes authority. Upright and just character, but can be inflexible.

Related terms: SinsalYangin
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Compatibility (Gunghap)

Gunghap

궁합 (宮合) [gung-hap]

The analysis of compatibility between two people by comparing their birth charts. Evaluates harmony and compatibility by comprehensively considering Five Elements, Ten Stars, and Sinsal.

Related terms: Five Elements CompatibilityTen Stars Compatibility

Productive Cycle

상생 (相生) [sang-saeng]

The cycle where Five Elements support and generate each other. Follows the sequence: Wood produces Fire, Fire produces Earth, Earth produces Metal, Metal produces Water, Water produces Wood. People in productive relationships help each other grow and develop.

Related terms: Destructive CycleFive ElementsFive Elements Compatibility

Destructive Cycle

상극 (相剋) [sang-geuk]

The cycle where Five Elements control and restrict each other. Follows: Wood controls Earth, Earth controls Water, Water controls Fire, Fire controls Metal, Metal controls Wood. Appropriate control brings balance, but excess can cause conflict.

Related terms: Productive CycleFive ElementsFive Elements Compatibility

Five Elements Compatibility

오행 궁합 (五行宮合) [oh-haeng gung-hap]

Compatibility analysis examining the distribution and productive/destructive relationships between two people's Five Elements. Evaluates whether the elements complement or conflict with each other to measure energy harmony.

Related terms: GunghapFive ElementsProductive CycleDestructive Cycle

Ten Stars Compatibility

십성 궁합 (十星宮合) [ship-seong gung-hap]

Compatibility analysis comparing the distribution and balance of Ten Stars between two people. Evaluates whether one person's strong stars complement the other's weak areas and whether they form a balanced distribution.

Related terms: GunghapTen StarsComplementary Relationship

Complementary Relationship

보완 관계 [bo-wan gwan-gye]

A relationship where one person's strengths fill the other's weaknesses in their birth charts. Such relationships make each other complete and form harmonious connections.

Related terms: GunghapTen Stars CompatibilityFive Elements Compatibility

Balance Degree

균형도 [gyun-hyeong-do]

An indicator showing how evenly Five Elements or Ten Stars are distributed within a birth chart. Higher balance indicates stable and harmonious tendencies, serving as an important factor in compatibility analysis.

Related terms: Five ElementsTen StarsGunghap

Energy Harmony

기운 조화 [gi-un jo-hwa]

The degree to which energies from two people's birth charts blend well and harmonize together. Comprehensively evaluates productive/destructive cycles of Five Elements, complementary relationships of Ten Stars, and yin-yang balance.

Related terms: GunghapProductive CycleYin and Yang

Ready to Discover Your Destiny?

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